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Lantern of the Gods: Solar Deity in Ugaritic Literature; including translation of selected texts
Rýdlová, Kateřina ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (advisor) ; Roubalová, Marie (referee)
Main goal of present thesis is to compose an overall, complete, and coherent view of the solar deity's role in ancient Ugarit by detailed study of Ugaritic texts regarding Sun Goddess Shapsh, particularly focusing on images and expressions used to characterize mentioned deity. Several texts referring to solar deity are chosen for this purpose: fragments from the Baal cycle - the most extensive Ugaritic work preserved, as well as three other tables (KTU 1.100, KTU 1.107, KTU 1.161) are decided on as those are the ones most related to the Sun Goddess Shapsh. An integral part of this study is translation with commentary and detailed grammatical analysis of selected texts. The thorough study of selected texts yields portrayal of Ugaritic solar deity as a, to a certain degree, chthonic deity connecting the world of gods, men and even the dead. Ugaritic Sun Goddess Shapsh wandering through the heavens and the underworld daily, acts in the name of El, the supreme deity, as the omniscient protector of order, symbol of justice and royal might. Non-Baalic texts furnish other aspects of sun goddess in particular: bond with horses (1.100) and her capabilities of treating the wounds of snake bite (1.107).
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The Harp in the Old Testament and in the Culture of the Ancient Near East
Rais, Věra Zdislava ; Mikulicová, Mlada (advisor) ; Hřebík, Josef (referee)
The Harp in the Old Testament and in the Culture of the Ancient Near East. This work reviews the chordophones of the harp and lyre categories and their use in the whole Ancient Near East, including Egypt. The structure of each chapter reflects the undertaken methodology: Each chapter opens with a review of available primary and secondary sources; it is divided in separate sections with archaeological and literary material. The review is followed by discussion of the social, religious and symbolic role of a harp in the given culture. Egypt, as well as Israel/Palestine region, is covered each by its own chapter; Mesopotamia, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia are discussed together in single chapter. In Egypt, the harp play developed in immemorial tradition strongly anchored to the cult, as we can deduce from pictorial relics. Apart from the paintings depicting harp on religious occasions, it was portrayed (almost exclusively) during ceremonies of both intimate and public character. Other studied cultures offer much more wealth of information on their musical aspect. Mesopotamia developed musical notation, large number of sources give sound evidence for significant role of harp and lyre in the cult. Also in the region of today's Israel and Palestine, the chordophones became incorporated in local cult. The...
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El's and Baal's aspects in the concept of the Old Testament's Yahweh
Rejlková, Sandra ; Antalík, Dalibor (advisor) ; Čech, Pavel (referee)
My thesis describes the aspects of Ugarit gods El and Baal and depicts their influence on the conception of The Old Testament's Yahweh. The Biblical monotheistic tradition was indelibly influenced by the polytheistic lore of Ugarit - shards of this process can be observed even from today's perspective, despite all the efforts of ancient Biblical contributors. I suggest brief analysis of shared features of these gods, mainly Yahweh and El, who had more in common than it may seem. My ambition is not only to bring up an enumeration of their divine attributes, but also to construe the incentives, that might have led the Biblical authors to project Ugaritic imagery into their one true God.
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